Richard III

Act 2, Scene 1

Flourish. Enter KING EDWARD IV, sick, QUEEN ELIZABETH, Lord Marquess DORSET, RIVERS, HASTINGS, BUCKINGHAM, GREY, and others

Trumpets sound. KING EDWARD IV enters, sick, accompanied by QUEEN ELIZABETH, DORSET, RIVERS, HASTINGS, BUCKINGHAM, GREY, and others.

KING EDWARD IV

Why, so. Now have I done a good day’s work.

You peers, continue this united league.

I every day expect an embassage

From my Redeemer to redeem me hence,

And more in peace my soul shall part to heaven

Since I have made my friends at peace on earth

Rivers and Hastings, take each other’s hand.

Dissemble not your hatred. Swear your love.

KING EDWARD IV

Well. Now I’ve done a good day’s work. You must all keep up this united front. Every day I expect a message from God to bring me away from here. Now my soul can depart for heaven peacefully, since my friends have made peace here on earth. Rivers and Hastings, take each other’s hand. Don’t simply hide your hatred. Swear your love for each other.

RIVERS

(taking HASTINGS’ hand) By heaven, my soul is purged from grudging hate, And with my hand I seal my true heart’s love.

RIVERS

(taking HASTINGS’ hand) I swear I have cleansed my heart of all hate. With this handshake, I guarantee my love.

HASTINGS

So thrive I as I truly swear the like.

HASTINGS

On my honor, I feel the same.

KING EDWARD IV

Take heed you dally not before your king,

Lest He that is the supreme King of kings

Confound your hidden falsehood, and award

Either of you to be the other’s end.

KING EDWARD IV

Make sure you mean what you say. Otherwise God, the ultimate King, will uncover your lies and cause you to be the death of each other.

HASTINGS

So prosper I as I swear perfect love.

HASTINGS

On my honor, I swear I love Rivers with all my heart.

RIVERS

And I as I love Hastings with my heart.

RIVERS

And I love Hastings with all my heart.

KING EDWARD IV

(to QUEEN ELIZABETH)

Madam, yourself is not exempt in this,—

Nor you, son Dorset, —Buckingham, nor you.

You have been factious one against the other.—

Wife, love Lord Hastings. Let him kiss your hand,

And what you do, do it unfeignedly.

KING EDWARD IV

(to QUEEN ELIZABETH) Madam, you’re not exempt from this—nor are you, Dorset— nor you, Buckingham. You have had too many separate factions among you. My dear wife, let Lord Hastings kiss your hand. And don’t do it merely for appearance’s sake.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

There, Hastings, I will never more remember

Our former hatred, so thrive I and mine.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Take my hand, Hastings. From now on, I’ll forget the hatred I used to feel for you.

HASTINGS kisses her hand

HASTINGS kisses her hand.

KING EDWARD IV

Dorset, embrace him.—Hastings, love Lord Marquess.

KING EDWARD IV

Dorset, embrace Hastings.—Hastings, express your affection for the marquess of Dorset.

DORSET

This interchange of love, I here protest,

Upon my part shall be inviolable.

DORSET

I swear I will never break this promise of love.

HASTINGS

And so swear I.

HASTINGS

And so do I, my lord.

They embrace

They embrace.

KING EDWARD IV

Now, princely Buckingham, seal thou this league

With thy embracements to my wife’s allies

And make me happy in your unity.

KING EDWARD IV

Now, noble Buckingham, seal this alliance by embracing my wife’s friends, and make me happy in your unity.

BUCKINGHAM

(to QUEEN ELIZABETH)

Whenever Buckingham doth turn his hate

Upon your Grace, but with all duteous love

Doth cherish you and yours, God punish me

When I have most need to employ a friend,

With hate in those where I expect most love.

And most assurèd that he is a friend,

Deep, hollow, treacherous, and full of guile

Be he unto me: this do I beg of God

When I am cold in love to you or yours.

BUCKINGHAM

(to QUEEN ELIZABETH) If I ever turn my hatred toward your majesty, and do not love and cherish you and yours, may God punish me. May I find hatred where I most expect love. When I most need a friend, and when I’m sure I have one, make him treacherous and deceitful to me. I beg God to do all this whenever I fail to show love to you or yours.

They embrace

They embrace.

KING EDWARD IV

A pleasing cordial, princely Buckingham,

Is this thy vow unto my sickly heart.

There wanteth now our brother Gloucester here

To make the blessèd period of this peace.

KING EDWARD IV

Noble Buckingham, your promise is like medicine to my ailing heart. All we need to put the final touches on this future peace is for Richard to appear.

BUCKINGHAM

And in good time,

Here comes Sir Richard Ratcliffe and the duke.

BUCKINGHAM

And just in time, here he comes with Sir Richard Ratcliffe.

Enter RICHARD and RATCLIFFE

RICHARD and RATCLIFFE enter.

RICHARD

Good morrow to my sovereign king and queen,

And, princely peers, a happy time of day.

RICHARD

Good morning to my sovereign king and queen. Noble peers, how nice to see you.

KING EDWARD IV

Happy indeed, as we have spent the day.

Gloucester, we have done deeds of charity,

Made peace of enmity, fair love of hate,

Between these swelling, wrong-incensèd peers.

KING EDWARD IV

Happy indeed, the way we have spent the day. Gloucester, we have done deeds of charity, turning enmity into peace and hate into love among these mistakenly angry nobles.

RICHARD

A blessèd labor, my most sovereign lord.

Amongst this princely heap, if any here

By false intelligence, or wrong surmise

Hold me a foe,

If I unwittingly, or in my rage,

Have aught committed that is hardly borne

By any in this presence, I desire

To reconcile me to his friendly peace.

’Tis death to me to be at enmity;

I hate it, and desire all good men’s love.

First, madam, I entreat true peace of you,

Which I will purchase with my duteous service;—

Of you, my noble cousin Buckingham,

If ever any grudge were lodged between us;—

Of you and you, Lord Rivers and of Dorset,

That all without desert have frowned on me;—

Of you, Lord Woodeville and Lord Scales;— of you,

Dukes, earls, lords, gentlemen; indeed, of all.

I do not know that Englishman alive

With whom my soul is any jot at odds

More than the infant that is born tonight.

I thank my God for my humility.

RICHARD

What blessed work, my king. If there’s anyone among this princely group who mistakes me for an enemy—if by accident or in anger I have done anything to offend you—I want to join with you in peaceful friendship. It kills me to be enemies with you. I hate it and want all good men’s love. (to QUEEN ELIZABETH) First, madam, I want there to be peace between you and me, which I will buy with my obedient service to you. And peace with you, my noble cousin Buckingham, if you ever felt any grudge against me; and with you, Lord Rivers, and, Lord Grey, with you. In fact, I want to get along with everyone who has frowned on me without good cause—dukes, earls, lords, gentlemen, everyone. There is not an Englishman alive with whom I’m at odds, anymore than a newborn baby would be. I thank God for my humbleness.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

A holy day shall this be kept hereafter.

I would to God all strifes were well compounded.

My sovereign lord, I do beseech your Highness

To take our brother Clarence to your grace.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Today shall always be remembered as a holy day. If only all struggles ended this well. One more thing, my dear majesty. Please pardon our brother Clarence.

RICHARD

Why, madam, have I offered love for this,

To be so flouted in this royal presence?

Who knows not that the gentle duke is dead?

RICHARD

Why, madam, have I offered you my love only to be flouted in front of the king? Who doesn’t know that the good duke is dead?

They all start

They all start.

You do him injury to scorn his corse.

You do him wrong to laugh at his corpse.

KING EDWARD IV

Who knows not he is dead! Who knows he is?

KING EDWARD IV

Who doesn’t know he’s dead? Who says he is?

QUEEN ELIZABETH

All-seeing heaven, what a world is this!

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Oh my God, what a terrible world this is!

BUCKINGHAM

Look I so pale, Lord Dorset, as the rest?

BUCKINGHAM

Do I look as pale as everyone else does, Lord Dorset?

DORSET

Ay, my good lord, and no one in the presence

But his red color hath forsook his cheeks.

DORSET

You do, my good lord. Everyone here has turned white.

KING EDWARD IV

Is Clarence dead? The order was reversed.

KING EDWARD IV

Is Clarence dead? But I reversed the death sentence.

RICHARD

But he, poor man, by your first order died,

And that a wingèd Mercury did bear.

Some tardy cripple bear the countermand,

That came too lag to see him burièd.

God grant that some, less noble and less loyal,

Nearer in bloody thoughts, and not in blood,

Deserve not worse than wretched Clarence did,

And yet go current from suspicion.

RICHARD

Well, the poor man died by your first order, which was carried by a winged messenger. Some tardy cripple must have taken the counter-order, who came after Clarence was already buried. It’s clear that someone less noble, less loyal, more bloody-minded than Clarence but not a blood relation, deserves as bad an end as my brother, but he goes free.

Enter Lord STANLEY, Earl of Derby

Lord STANLEY, Earl of Derby, enters.

STANLEY

(kneeling) A boon, my sovereign, for my service done.

STANLEY

(kneeling) I ask a favor of you in return for the service I’ve done, my king.

KING EDWARD IV

I prithee, peace. My soul is full of sorrow.

KING EDWARD IV

Please be quiet. My soul is full of sorrow.

STANLEY

I will not rise unless your Highness hear me.

STANLEY

I will not rise until your Highness hears me.

KING EDWARD IV

Then say at once what is it thou requests.

KING EDWARD IV

Then hurry up and tell me what you want.

STANLEY

The forfeit, sovereign, of my servant’s life,

Who slew today a riotous gentleman

Lately attendant on the duke of Norfolk.

STANLEY

That you lift the death sentence on my servant, who killed a rowdy and belligerent former servant of the duke of Norfolk.

KING EDWARD IV

Have I a tongue to doom my brother’s death,

And shall the tongue give pardon to a slave?

My brother killed no man; his fault was thought,

And yet his punishment was bitter death.

Who sued to me for him? Who, in my wrath,

Kneeled at my feet, and bade me be advised?

Who spoke of brotherhood? Who spoke of love?

Who told me how the poor soul did forsake

The mighty Warwick and did fight for me?

Who told me, in the field by Tewkesbury,

When Oxford had me down, he rescued me,

And said “Dear brother, live, and be a king”?

Who told me, when we both lay in the field

Frozen almost to death, how he did lap me

Even in his garments and did give himself,

All thin and naked, to the numb-cold night?

All this from my remembrance brutish wrath

Sinfully plucked, and not a man of you

Had so much grace to put it in my mind.

But when your carters or your waiting vassals

Have done a drunken slaughter and defaced

The precious image of our dear Redeemer,

You straight are on your knees for pardon, pardon,

And I, unjustly too, must grant it you.

Stanley rises

But for my brother, not a man would speak,

Nor I, ungracious, speak unto myself

For him, poor soul. The proudest of you all

Have been beholding to him in his life,

Yet none of you would once beg for his life.

O God, I fear Thy justice will take hold

On me and you, and mine and yours for this!—

Come, Hastings, help me to my closet.—

Ah, poor Clarence.

KING EDWARD IV

I was willing to condemn my brother to death, but you want me to pardon a peasant? My brother didn’t kill anyone. He was only to blame for some thoughts he had. But his punishment was bitter death. Who pleaded with me to pardon his life? Who, when I was in a rage, kneeled at my feet and told me to reconsider? Who talked about brotherhood? Who talked about love? Who told me how the poor man abandoned the mighty earl of Warwick to fight for me? Who told me how he rescued me in the field at Tewksbury, when Oxford had me down, saying, “Dear brother, live and be a king”? Who told me how, when we both lay in the field freezing to death, he wrapped me in his own clothes and spent a numbingly cold night naked? I forgot all of this in my brutish anger, and not one of you had the grace to remind me. But when your servants get drunk and kill someone, you go right down on your knees for “pardon, pardon.” And, though he doesn’t deserve it, I have to grant your request. But not one of you would speak up for my brother. And I didn’t speak to myself on his behalf, either. The best of you owed something to him in his lifetime, but none of you would plead for his life. Oh God, I fear your justice will destroy me and all of these men, and their families and mine, because of this! Come, Hastings, help me to my room. Oh, poor Clarence.

Exeunt some with KING EDWARD IV and QUEEN ELIZABETH

KING EDWARD IV and QUEEN ELIZABETH exit with several others.

RICHARD

This is the fruits of rashness. Marked you not

How that the guilty kindred of the queen

Looked pale when they did hear of Clarence’ death?

O, they did urge it still unto the king.

God will revenge it. Come, lords, will you go

To comfort Edward with our company?

RICHARD

This is what happens when you act rashly. Did you notice how the queen’s guilty relatives turned pale when they heard about Clarence’s death? Oh, they continually urged the king to do it. God will revenge it. But come, lords, will you come with me to Edward’s room to comfort him?

BUCKINGHAM

We wait upon your Grace.

BUCKINGHAM

We’ll come with you, your Grace.

Exeunt

They all exit.